ONE HORTICULTURE

The orchards shown here are where our R&D work meets the field — practical applications of the concepts we develop at One Horti, in the Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. Every choice you see — from branched nursery-tree production to training systems, from crop-load management to irrigation and fertilization — reflects our own approach, grounded in the studies we publish under Research outputs. 

Our intensive orchards are built for growers who want early production and tight canopy control from year one. Narrow row spacing — most commonly on M9 rootstock — carried on a permanent trellis, brings the orchard to full canopy and commercial yield years faster than a traditional planting, at a higher establishment cost per hectare. We plant this system when a grower's priority is speed to production and yield per hectare rather than the lowest possible establishment cost. We generally don't recommend Red Delicious-group spur varieties for this system. Popular selections such as Scarlet Spur become excessively compact on M9, often remaining as very small, bush-like trees. In Türkiye, we therefore use the more vigorous MM111 rootstock for these cultivars in high-density plantings. However, in our experience, their overall performance under such high-density conditions is still not satisfactory. 

This is a system we especially recommend for Red Delicious-group varieties. Semi-intensive orchards trade some of the planting density of an intensive system for lower establishment costs and a more forgiving, longer-lived orchard structure — a good fit for growers seeking a balance between initial investment and long-term production. Trees are typically grown on moderate-vigour rootstocks, most commonly MM111, at wider spacings than in high-density plantings.